Posts

This is a quick post showing how to create a “Hello, World” example in FastAPI.

Hello World, in FastAPI

Python

FastAPI

Aug 21, 2024

Here is a simple diagram representing a healthcare service. This diagram can be used for communicating with clients about the basic structure of queueing systems.

A State Diagram of a Simple Healthcare Service Using Mermaid

Mermaid

Healthcare

Queueing Systems

Aug 10, 2024

In this post I share a way to compile and run a Zig file using Python, which in turn can be used to render the output of the Zig program in Quarto.

Build and Run a Zig Project from Quarto Using Python

Zig

Quarto

Python

subprocess

Aug 9, 2024

I recently learned that Rust does not have a greatest common divisor function. See Anonymous (2020) to read some discussion about it.

Calculating the Greatest Common Divisor in Rust

Rust

Mathematics

Greatest Common Divisor

Aug 9, 2024

The probability mass function of the Poisson binomial distribution is given by

A Rust Implementation of the Poisson Binomial Probability Distribution

Rust

Statistics

Poisson Binomial Distribution

Probability Mass Function

Cumulative Distribution Function

Aug 8, 2024

I recently learned that setting up Rust execution in Quarto is easy via evcxr_jupyter.

`evcxr_jupyter` provides Rust execution in Quarto

Quarto

Rust

evcxr

evcxr_jupyter

Jupyter

Jupyter Notebooks

Aug 8, 2024

In this post I want to quickly showcase the use of the use of the Petgraph and Petgraph-evcxr packages. Petgraph is a popular graph data structures and algorithms crate…

Rendering a Dot Representation of a Graph in Quarto Using Petgraph and Petgraph-evcxr

Rust

Petgraph

Petgraph-evcxr

Dot

Aug 8, 2024

In this post I will show you how to simulate an autoregressive (AR) process using Matplotlib and NumPy.

How to Naïvely Generate Autoregressive Time Series Data in Python

Python

Statistics

Stochastic Processes

Autoregressive

Time Series

Matplotlib

NumPy

Jul 31, 2024

In this post I share a way to compile and run a C file using Python, which in turn can be used to render the output of the C program in Quarto.

Build and Run a C Project from Quarto Using Python

Quarto

Python

subprocess

The se-lib (Systems Engineering Library) offers a variety of diagrams that simply take in tuples of strings and numbers. In this post I want to dicsuss their quantitative…

The Statistical Assumptions of Quantitative Fault Trees in Se-Lib

Python

Systems Engineering

Se-Lib

Fault Tree

Probability

Assumptions

Statistical Independence

Disjoint Sets

Pairwise Disjoint Sets

Almost-Sure Pairwise Disjoint Sets

We can define a “Hello, World” type of example using Asyncio as follows:

Hello World, in Asyncio

Python

Asyncio

subprocess

Asynchronous Programming

Concurrent Programming

In this post I visualize the Bayesian workflow introduced by Gelman et al. (2020).

A Mermaid Diagram of Bayesian Workflow

Mermaid

Bayesian Workflow

Bayesian Statistics

Bayesian Inference

Bayesian Probability

Bayesian Modelling

Prior Probability

Posterior Probability

Modelling

Model Development

Flask provides support for error handling, including defining custom errors. When an error occurs which is not otherwise defined, the default error code is 500 (internal…

Basic Error Handling In Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

Error Handling

Ths post shows a relatively minimal example of using Flask to develop of web application. This application will only run locally, but it is otherwise a bona fide web…

Hello World, In Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

The hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP) is a way for a web application to respond to requests.

HTTP Methods in Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

URL

HTTP

HTTP Methods

In this post we will not only have dynamic URLs, but start loading HTML templates. In the last post I wrote on Flask I used the factorial function. In this post we’ll take a…

HTML Templates in Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

URL

HTML Templates

In this post I am going to show a Flask application which takes an integer and searches the Magic the Gathering database for an image of a corresponding card whose…

Fetching from a URL and Displaying an Image Using Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

URL

Requests

Images

In a previous post I showed how to start the most basic Flask web application. In this post I show a dynamic URL which renders content that depends on using the URL as user…

Dynamic URLs in Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

URL

In this post I quickly show how the url_for command allows us to generate URLs. It isn’t a fundamental feature, but it can save you some boilerplate.

Creating URL using `url_for` in Flask

Python

Flask

Web Applications

URL

In a previous post I used a Lua extension to compile a Rust file using the rustc compiler. I ran into multiple problems.

Build and Run a Rust Project from Quarto Using Python

Rust

Quarto

Python

Cargo

rustc

I have turned off the Lua filter discussed in this post. It was running everytime I rendered/published the blog. I have copy-pasted the original output for reference.

Executable C++ Code in Quarto

Quarto

C++

Lua

Pandoc

Jul 28, 2024

I have turned off the Lua filter discussed in this post. It was running everytime I rendered/published the blog. I have copy-pasted the original output for reference.

Executable C Code in Quarto

Quarto

Lua

Pandoc

Jul 28, 2024

I have turned off the Lua filter discussed in this post. It was running everytime I rendered/published the blog. I have copy-pasted the original output for reference.

Executable Rust Code in Quarto

Quarto

Rust

Lua

Pandoc

Jul 26, 2024

This is a short blog post to remind myself how to compile CPython from its source.

How to Compile CPython on Debian-Based Linux

Python

CPython

compilation

make

Debian

Linux

Jul 25, 2024

I am switching to Quarto for my blog. My Jekyll blog is available here, and I might move some of the posts over to the new blog over time.

My Quarto Blog

blog

Quarto

Jekyll

Mermaid

Graphviz

dot

Jul 21, 2024

I recently asked on the Kedro Slack channel about what experience people have had with combining Kedro with package management tools in Python such as PDM, Poetry, Hatch or…

Combining Kedro with Rye

Kedro

Rye

Python

Project Management

Package Management

Jul 1, 2024

Suppose we have a collection of IID random variables \(\{ X_1, \ldots, X_n \}\), and we also have a second collection of IID random variables \(\{ Y_1, \ldots, Y_m \}\). Each …

The Probability of the Minimum of X Being Greater than the Maximum of Y

Statistics

Probability Distributions

Derivation

Change of Variables

Transformations

Stochastic Orders

Identical and Independently Distributed

Random Variables

Statistical Independence

Smooth Functions

Minimum

Maximum

Probability

Order Statistics

Convolution

Convolution Theorem

Fourier Transform

Mar 2, 2024

This is just a short script implementing a logger of the trace of a Python program’s execution.

A Python CLI Example to Log the Execution Trace

Computer Programming

Python

Tracing

Scripting

CLI

Jan 31, 2024

In the SimPy documentation they describe a car process which involves a car which transitions between parking and driving. From being parked it takes 5 units of time to…

A Ciw Implementation of SimPy’s Car Example

Python

Simulation

Queueing System

Queueing Network

Queueing Theory

Routing

Process-Based Simulation

Random Variables

Constant Random Variables

Arrival Distributions

Service Distributions

Timing

Initialization

Discrete Event Simulation

Ciw

SimPy

This post gives an implementation of this example from the SimPy documentation:

A Rust Implementation of SimPy’s Simple Car DES

Rust

Discrete Event Simulation

Python

SimPy

Simulation

Software Design

Prototyping

CPython

PyPy

Ciw is a Python package for simulating queueing networks.

Implementing a D/M/1 Queue in Ciw

Python

Discrete Event Simulation

Ciw

Queueing Network

Queueing System

Queueing Theory

Exponential Distribution

Statistics

Operations Research

Random Variables

Inter-Arrival Times

Service Times

Random Number Generation

Servers

Ciw is a Python package for simulating queueing networks.

Implementing a G/G/1 Queue in Ciw

Python

Discrete Event Simulation

Ciw

Simulation

Queueing Systems

Queueing Theory

Hyperexponential Distribution

Gamma Distribution

Statistics

Operations Research

Random Variables

Inter-Arrival Times

Service Times

This post looks at implementing a simple simulation described in the SImPy documentation using the Ciw Python package.

A Ciw Implementation of SimPy’s Clock Example

Python

Discrete Event Simulation

Ciw

SimPy

Dec 19, 2023

Bandit is a Python package for checking for security issues in Python code. I have been thinking about using Bandit to check for security risks in my own sofware as well as…

Bandit On Bandit

Python

Security

Information Security

Bandit

Mar 9, 2023

Training Predictive Models Does Not Assume Statistical Dependence

Statistics

Statistical Independence

Predictive Modelling

Assumptions

Conditional Expectation

Python

NumPy

Mar 6, 2023

I tried googling “what is a picture made with crayon called” and I consistently got suggestions for crayon etching, which is a more specific usage of crayons. I asked…

Crayon 1

Art

Crayon

Mar 5, 2023

It is well-known that neural networks are universal function approximators under mild assumptions. Such theorems proving arbitrary bounds on the empirical risk and similar…

How Expressive Are Simple Neural Networks?

Machine Learning

Neural Networks

Mar 5, 2023

Back in May 2020 I released a video on YouTube for the HackSeq event:

Automorphism Orbits of Graphlets

Math

Graph Theory

Graphlets

Automorphisms

Automorphism Orbits

Automorphism Orbits of Graphlets

Isomorphisms

Graphs

Relations

Binary Relations

Sets

Vertices

Edges

Subsets

Cartesian Products

Networks

directed Graphs

Digraphs

Signed Graphs

Weighted Graphs

Simple Graphs

Functions

Injective Functions

Surjective Functions

Bijective Functions

Graph Isomorphism

Graph Automorphisms

Equivalence Relations

Reflexive Relations

Symmetric Relations

Transitive Relations

Equivalence Classes

Vertex Orbit Automorphisms

Permutation Groups

Mar 3, 2023

I finished my 7th painting!

Painting 7

Art

Painting

Wet-On-Wet Technique

Oil Painting

Mar 3, 2023

This post just shows what a Dirac delta distribution is and how to make a mixture of Dirac delta distributions in PyMC.

Mixtures of Dirac Delta Distributions in PyMC

Statistics

Dirac Delta Distribution

Python

PyMC

Arviz

Matplotlib

NumPy

Mixture Distributions

Poisson Distribution

Dirichlet Distribution

Bayesian Inference

Bayesian Modelling

Bayesian Probability

Bayesian Statistics

Mar 1, 2023

This post looks at the notion of ranking data or variables. Broadly, ranks are numbers used to describe something about the order-like properties on the elements of a set.…

What are Ranks?

Statistics

Ranks

Rank-Based Statistics

Feb 26, 2023

Suppose \(C \subseteq \mathbb{R}^2\) is a curve and \(p \in C\). The tangent space to \(C\) at \(p\), \(T_pC\) is the set of all vectors tangent to \(C\) at \(p\).

Notes on Differential Forms

Mathematics

Differential Forms

Feb 25, 2023

This section provides an overview of some fundamental concepts in order theory.

Notes on Order Theory

Mathematics

Order Theory

Partial Orders

Reflexive Relations

Transitive Relations

Antisymmetric Relations

Asymmetric Relations

Cartesian Products

Binary Relations

Relations

Python

LaTeX

Directed Acyclic Graphs

Strict Partial Orders

Feb 19, 2023

This post was migrated from my iNaturalist journal to my Jekyll blog on 2023-02-26. It was then migrated to my Quarto blog on 2024-07-27.

How to Plot a Basic Pie Chart Of Taxa At A Given Taxonomic Rank Using Pandas And Matplotlib

Python

Volunteer

iNaturalist

Data

Plotting

Matplotlib

Pandas

Citizen Science

Mar 16, 2022

This post was migrated from my iNaturalist journal to my Jekyll blog on 2023-02-26. It was then migrated to my Quarto blog on 2024-07-27.

Unzip Your iNaturalist Observations On A Ubuntu System

BASH

Volunteer

iNaturalist

Data

Citizen Science

Linux

Ubuntu

Mar 16, 2022

Numba is a Python library that provides an open source just-in-time compiler that allows a coder to mark selected parts of their code to be compiled for faster execution. As…

QuantEcon 1 Numba

Python

Scipy

NumPy

timeit

optimization

Numba

Apr 9, 2019

As someone with previous background in Python, I’ve been blasting my way through the basics of the Quantecon curricula. One of the joys of self-directed learning is that…

QuantEcon 1 Scipy Submodules

Python

Scipy

NumPy

scipy.optimize

Newton Raphson method

Brents method

timeit

bisect method

optimization

Mar 28, 2019

I’ve been thinking about Data Science lately, and I recently watched a YouTube video describing how to get started learning prerequisite knowledge for this field. While I am…

Starting Data Science

Data Science

Mar 23, 2019