I realized that it would be handy to have a SQL script for quickly pulling up basic information on the columns of a table in Microsoft SQL server. This is a first approximation that I found online and modified.
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-- Select the database you want to use.
USE [<DB_NAME>];
-- Set the table you want to summarize.
DECLARE @tabname NVARCHAR(50);
SET @tabname '<TABLE_NAME>';
-- Leave this alone (unless you want to change what is returned)
SELECT
c.name 'column_name',
t.Name 'data_type',
c.max_length 'max_length',
c.precision,
c.scale,
c.is_nullable,
ISNULL(i.is_primary_key, 0) 'primary_key'
FROM
sys.columns c
INNER JOIN
sys.types t ON c.user_type_id = t.user_type_id
LEFT OUTER JOIN
sys.index_columns ic ON ic.object_id = c.object_id AND ic.column_id = c.column_id
WHERE
c.object_id = OBJECT_ID(@tabname);